Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger rau Bioreactor

Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger rau Bioreactor

Micro Sparger hauv Bioreactor Supplier

 

Professional Custom Micro Sparger lossis Microsparger

Chaw tsim tshuaj pausrauBioreactors

 Microsparger rau bioreactor rau hengko

Vim li cas HENGKO's Porous Stainless Hlau Micro Sparger

Vim yog qhov tsis tshua muaj dej solubility ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv ntau lub cell kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, optimizing no tseem ceeb nutrient muaj peev xwm
nyuaj.Maximizing thaj chaw saum npoo ntawm cov xov xwm thiab cov npuas aeration tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev
txhim kho qhov loj ntawm cov pa oxygen lossis carbon dioxide.

HENGKO's porous stainless hlau micro sparger yog cov cuab yeej zoo uas muaj ntau yam zoo

tshaj lwm hom micro spargers.Cov txiaj ntsig no suav nrog:

1. Enhanced gas hloov efficiency:

HENGKO's micro spargers yog tsim los tsim cov npuas zoo uas ua rau thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws

gas nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kua.Qhov no ua rau kev txhim kho cov pa hloov pauv tau zoo thiab sai dua oxygenation ntawm kab lis kev cai nruab nrab.

2. Uniform npuas faib:

Lub pore loj npaum li cas ntawm HENGKO's micro spargers ua kom cov npuas sib txawv,

ua rau txawm tias aeration thiab zoo sib tov ntawm cov kua.

3. Tsis kam mus clogging:

Lub sintered stainless hlau tsim ntawm HENGKO's micro spargers ua rau lawv resistant

rau clogging, txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov nyuaj.Qhov no ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab

txo cov kev tu ncua.

4. Biocompatibility:

HENGKO's micro spargers yog tsim los nrog cov khoom siv biocompatible uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv ntawm tes

kab lis kev cai thiab kev siv fermentation.

5. Customizable pore loj:

HENGKO muaj ntau yam ntawm micro sparger xaiv nrog sib txawvpore qhov ntau thiab tsawg kom haum

kev xav tau ntawm kev hloov roj.Qhov no tso cai rau kev tswj kom meej ntawm npuasloj thiab roj

hloov efficiency.

6. Kev tu yooj yim:

HENGKO's micro spargers yog ib qho yooj yim los ntxuav thiab tswj, ua kom pom tseebkev ua tau zoo

tshaj lawv lub neej.

7. Ntau yam kev siv:

HENGKO's micro spargers yog tsim rau ntau yam kev siv,suav nrog bioreactors,

Kev kho dej khib nyiab, kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ua zaub mov thiab dej haus.

 

Zuag qhia tag nrho, HENGKO cov ntxeem tau stainless hlau micro spargers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov roj hloov pauv tau zoo, cov npuas tsis sib xws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev.Lawv biocompatibility, customizable pore loj, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ntxuav ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam thiab txhim khu kev qha tshuaj rau ntau yam kev lag luam.

 

HENGKO Muaj Ntau YamSintered HlauMicrospargerCov ntsiab lus rau Laboratory thiab Pilot-scale Bioreactors

thiab Fermentors.

 

Main Specifications Peb tuaj yeem ua rau koj:

1. Cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim kho:Tag nrho cov hlau stainless 316L SS

2. Qhov ntev:Customized raws li koj xav tau

3. Porous Loj:1 µm, 2 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm, thiab 15 µm kev cai raws li koj qhov pore media xav tau

4. Kev sib txuas:M3 los yog M5 xov nrog O-ntiv nplhaib, Custom as Your Original Connector

5. Grooves Tsim:10-32 UNF xov.Tsis tas li, nws tuaj yeem muab cov hose barb, NPT threads, thiab pob tw weld xaus.

 

Peb kujTxais OEM kev cairau covMicro-Spargerrau koj bioreactor, txhua qhov loj me, txhua qhov tsim, thiab qhov pore loj,

tsuas yog xav tiv tauj peb kom paub meej ntxiv, koj yuav tau txais kev pom zoo los yog kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.

 

Tom qab ntawd yog tias koj tseem muaj lus nug lossis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siv lossis OEM Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger rau Bioreactor,

zoo siab txais tos hu rau peb los ntawm emailka@hengko.com 

kuj koj tuaj yeem nyem raws li khawm xa cov lus nug rau peb nplooj ntawv tiv tauj.

 

tiv tauj peb icone hengko

 

 

12Tom ntej no>>> Nplooj 1 / 2

Lub ntsiab nta ntawm Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm micro spargers thiab microspargers yog:

1. Cov npuas me me:Micro spargers thiab microspargers tsim cov npuas me dua li lwm hom spargers.Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau ntau yam.Cov npuas me me muaj thaj tsam loj dua, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov pa oxygen rau hauv cov kua.Cov npuas me me kuj tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg dua ntawm cov hlwb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.

2. Ntau dua oxygenation:Micro spargers thiab microspargers muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm oxygenating cov kua ntau dua li lwm hom spargers.Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov npuas me me muaj thaj tsam loj dua, uas tso cai rau lawv kom yaj ntau dua oxygen rau hauv cov kua.

3. Tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau shear stress:Micro spargers thiab microspargers tsawg dua yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov hlwb dua li lwm hom spargers.Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov npuas me me ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv cov kua.

4. Ntau ntau yam:Micro spargers thiab microspargers tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv.Lawv tsis txwv rau bioreactors, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lwm daim ntawv thov uas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj cov npuas me me, ua haujlwm zoo.

Micro spargers thiab microspargers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog:

* Bioreactors

* Cov fermenters

* Cov chaw kho dej

* Cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab

* Tshuaj ua cov nroj tsuag

* Cov chaw ua zaub mov

* Kev tsim tshuaj

 

Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib qho sparger uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm oxygenating cov kua, ua npuas me me,

thiab tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov hlwb, ces micro sparger lossis microsparger yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.

Hu rau HENGKOpaub ntau ntxiv txog Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger Hnub no.

 

 

Tej zaum koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas peb cov vis dis aus kom paub meej ntxiv rau Microsparger rau bioreactor.

 

 

Yog tias koj tseem muaj qhov project txog bioreactor xav tau qee qhov tshwj xeeb Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger, ces txais tos

tiv tauj peb kom paub meej ntxiv rau cov khoom.Koj tuaj yeem xa cov lus nug raws li daim foos ua raws, txais tos xa email

to ka@heng.comkom tau txais kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.

 

 

Hom Micro Sparger

Micro spargers yog cov cuab yeej siv los qhia cov roj rau hauv cov kua.Lawv feem ntau

siv nyob rau hauv bioreactors, qhov twg lawv yog siv los aerate cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab.Micro spargers yog

ua los ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau, xws li sintered stainless hlau lossis ceramic, uas muaj qhov me me

uas tso cai rau cov roj ntws los ntawm.Qhov me me pore loj ntawm micro sparger tsim cov npuas zoo,

uas ua rau kom qhov chaw saum npoo ntawm cov roj hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kua, thiab txhim kho cov

efficiency ntawm roj hloov.

 

Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm micro spargers:

* Sintered microspargersyog ua los ntawm cov khoom porous,

 

xws li sintered stainless hlau, uas muaj qhov me me uas

 

cia cov roj ntws los ntawm.

 

 

 

Sintered microsparger
Sintered microsparger

 

 

* Ceramic microspargersyog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic, xws li alumina lossis zirconia,

 

uas muaj qhov me me uas tso cai rau cov roj ntws los ntawm.

 

 

Ceramic microsparger

 

Sintered microspargers muaj ntau dua li ceramic microspargers vim lawv muaj ntau dua

ruaj thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam.Ceramic microspargers qee zaum siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov qhov twg

yuav tsum muaj qib siab purity, xws li hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj.

Micro spargers muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov duab kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov

daim ntawv thov.Lawv tuaj yeem ua nrog ib lub qhov lossis nrog ntau lub qhov.Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov

txiav txim qhov loj ntawm cov npuas uas tsim.Cov qhov me me tsim cov npuas me me,

uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm kev xa cov pa roj.

 

HomKev piav qhiaQhov zooDaim ntawv thov
Sintered Ua los ntawm sintered stainless hlau nrog qhov me me Ntau ruaj, tsis tshua muaj clog Bioreactors, kev kho dej khib nyiab, kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg
Ceramic Ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic nrog qhov me me Qib siab ntawm purity Kev lag luam kws tshuaj

 

Micro spargers yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ntau bioreactors.Lawv siv los ua kom lub cev muaj kab lis kev cai,

uas yog tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau hom cell.Micro spargers kuj tseem siv rau hauv lwm daim ntawv thov,

xws li hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab thiab hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj.

 

Nov yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv micro spargers:

* Ua kom cov pa hloov pauv tau zoo

* Txhim kho kev sib xyaw

* Txo shear kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov hlwb

* Cov npuas me me kom zoo dua roj-kua sib cuag

* Durable thiab kav ntev

 

Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha thiab ua tau zoo los qhia cov roj rau hauv cov kua, ces a

micro sparger yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.Micro spargers muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg

cov duab kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm koj daim ntawv thov.

 

 

Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm Sintered Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger

Nov yog qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm micro spargers thiab microspargers:

1. Bioreactors: 

Micro spargers yog siv hauv bioreactors kom oxygenate cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb thiab tsim cov proteins thiab lwm yam biomolecules.

2. Fermenters: 

Microspargers yog siv rau hauv fermenters kom oxygenate nruab nrab thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov poov xab thiab cov kab mob, uas yog siv los tsim npias, cawv, thiab lwm yam dej haus fermented.

3. Cov chaw kho dej: 

Micro spargers yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag kho dej kom aerate dej thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muab cov dej haus huv thiab nyab xeeb.

4. Cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab: 

Micro spargers yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab kom aerate cov dej khib nyiab thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob.Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

5. Tshuaj ua cov nroj tsuag:

Microspargers yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ua cov nroj tsuag kom sib tov thiab aerate cov tshuaj.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom, nrog rau cov yas, chiv, thiab tshuaj.

6. Cov chaw ua zaub mov:

Micro spargers yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ua zaub mov kom sib tov thiab aerate cov zaub mov.Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim ntau yam khoom, nrog rau cov qhob cij, yogurt, thiab ice cream.

7. Pharmaceutical manufacturing: 

Microsparger yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj los sib tov thiab aerate cov xov xwm.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tshuaj hormones.

 

Sintered Micro spargers thiab Microsparger yog ntau yam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau oxygenate kua thiab sib tov thiab aerate cov khib nyiab.

Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, nrog rau cov kws, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab tshuaj industries.

 

 

FAQ rau Micro Sparger thiab Microsparger rau Bioreactor

 

bioreactor sparging siv huab hwm coj khiav tswj

 

1. Dab tsi yog Sparger hauv Bioreactor?

Feem ntau, Bioreactor yog ib qho System uas siv cov enzymes lossis kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov kab mob (xws li cov kab mob microorganisms) los ua cov tshuaj biochemical hauv vitro.

Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, HENGKO's micro sparger muaj cov cua txaus lossis cov pa ntshiab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

 

2. Ob hom Bioreactor yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau ntau hom bioreactors, tab sis ob qho ntawm feem ntau yogstirred tank bioreactors thiab airlift bioreactors.

1. Stirred-tank bioreactorsyog hom bioreactor tshaj plaws.Lawv yog cov hlab ntsha cylindrical uas muaj cov stirrer uas pab sib tov cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab oxygenate lub hlwb.Stirred-tank bioreactors tuaj yeem siv los loj hlob ntau lub hlwb, suav nrog cov kab mob, cov poov xab, thiab cov hlwb mammalian.Lawv kuj tau siv los tsim ntau yam khoom, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, enzymes, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.

2. Airlift bioreactorsyog ib hom bioreactor uas siv huab cua mus ncig cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab oxygenate lub hlwb.Airlift bioreactors tsis tshua muaj nqi rau kev khiav hauj lwm tshaj li stirred-tank bioreactors, thiab lawv tuaj yeem siv los loj hlob hlwb hauv cov ntim loj.Airlift bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas nkag siab rau kev ntxhov siab, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv monoclonal.

Ntawm no yog ib lub rooj uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm stirred-tank bioreactors thiab airlift bioreactors:

FeatureStirred-tank bioreactorAirlift bioreactor
Cov duab Cylindrical Conical los yog spherical
Sib tov Ntws Cua
Oxygenation Neeg kho tshuab Diffusion
Nqi kim dua Tsawg nqi
Ntim Me me Loj dua
Daim ntawv thov Ntau yam kev siv Cov khoom rhiab heev

 

Ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw-tank bioreactors thiab airlift bioreactors, muaj ntau lwm hom bioreactors.

Qee yam ntawm lwm hom bioreactors suav nrog:

  • Bubble kem bioreactors
  • Fluidized txaj bioreactors
  • Packed txaj bioreactors
  • Cov duab bioreactors

Hom bioreactor uas zoo tshaj plaws rau ib daim ntawv thov yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam,

suav nrog hom hlwb uas tab tom loj hlob, cov khoom uas raug tsim tawm, thiab qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom.

 

3. Dab tsi yog Bioreactor siv hauv Kev Lag Luam Pharmaceutical?

Ob leeg stirred-tank bioreactors thiab airlift bioreactors tuaj yeem siv hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj.Hom bioreactor uas siv yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb.

Piv txwv li, stirred-tank bioreactors feem ntau siv los tsim tshuaj tua kab mob, thaum airlift bioreactors feem ntau siv los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv monoclonal.

Nov yog qee qhov ntawmfeem ntau siv bioreactorssiv hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj:

1. Stirred-tank bioreactors:Cov no yog hom bioreactor feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj.Lawv yog cov hlab ntsha cylindrical uas muaj cov stirrer uas pab sib tov cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab oxygenate lub hlwb.Stirred-tank bioreactors tuaj yeem siv los loj hlob ntau lub hlwb, suav nrog cov kab mob, cov poov xab, thiab cov hlwb mammalian.Lawv kuj tau siv los tsim ntau yam khoom, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, enzymes, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.

2. Airlift bioreactors:Cov no yog ib hom bioreactor uas siv cov huab cua mus ncig cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab oxygenate cov hlwb.Airlift bioreactors tsis tshua muaj nqi rau kev khiav hauj lwm tshaj li stirred-tank bioreactors, thiab lawv tuaj yeem siv los loj hlob hlwb hauv cov ntim loj.Airlift bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas nkag siab rau kev ntxhov siab, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv monoclonal.

3. Bubble kem bioreactors:Cov bioreactors no muaj cov kab ntsug ntawm cov kua nrog ib qho sparger nyob rau hauv qab uas qhia cov roj rau hauv cov kua.Cov npuas ntawm cov pa nce los ntawm cov kua, sib tov nws thiab muab oxygen rau cov hlwb.Bubble kem bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los loj hlob hlwb hauv cov ntim loj.

4. Fluidized txaj bioreactors:Cov bioreactors no muaj ib lub txaj ntawm cov khoom uas yog fluidized los ntawm cov kua dej.Cov hlwb tau loj hlob rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov kua muab cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham rau cov hlwb.Fluidized txaj bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los loj hlob hlwb hauv cov ntim loj.

5. Ntim txaj bioreactors:Cov bioreactors no muaj ib kem ntawm cov khoom ntim uas muaj cov hlwb.Cov kua ntws los ntawm kab, muab cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham rau cov hlwb.Packed txaj bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los loj hlob hlwb nyob rau hauv me me ntim.

6. Diam duab bioreactors:Cov bioreactors no siv lub teeb los muab lub zog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb.Cov duab bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los loj hlob photosynthetic hlwb, xws li algae thiab kab mob.

Hom bioreactor uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau ib daim ntawv thov yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau hom hlwb uas tab tom loj hlob, cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom.

 

 

4. Dab tsi yog qhov ntawm bioreactor?

Feem ntau, Qhov bioreactor no muaj ntau hom kev sib txawv xws li "ib tug agitator system, "

"Ib tug npaus tswj system," "A Baffles system," "A PH & kub tswj qhov system,"

"Ib lub nkoj Farmentar," "Aeration system" thiab "Impeller system."Txhua yam ntawm no

qhov chaw muaj nws qhov tsim nyog siv los ua qhov bioreactor no.

 

 

6. Microsparger vs Nplhaib Sparger

microspargers thiab nplhaib spargers yog ob hom spargers uas yog siv hauv bioreactors los qhia cov roj rau hauv cov kua.Qhov tseeb tam sim no Yuav luag Siv Sintered microspargers yog ua los ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau, xws li sintered stainless hlau, uas muaj qhov me me uas tso cai rau cov roj ntws los ntawm.Lub nplhaib spargers yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv, xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, uas muaj lub nplhaib zoo nkauj nrog ntau lub qhov hauv nws.

1. Sintered microspargersmuaj tus lejqhov zoohla lub nplhaib spargers.Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov pa oxygenating cov kua, lawv tsim cov npuas me me, thiab lawv tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov hlwb.Txawm li cas los xij, sintered microspargers yog kim dua cov nplhaib spargers.

2. Ntiv nplhaib spargersTsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm oxygenating cov kua ntau dua sintered microspargers, lawv tsim cov npuas loj dua, thiab lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua ntawm cov hlwb.Txawm li cas los xij, lub nplhaib spargers tsis tshua kim dua li sintered microspargers.

Hom sparger uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau hom hlwb uas tab tom loj hlob, cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Ntawm no yog ib lub rooj uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm sintered microspargers thiab nplhaib spargers:

FeatureSintered microspargerNplhaib sparger
Kev ua tau zoo Ua haujlwm zoo dua Tsawg dua
npuas loj Cov npuas me me Cov npuas loj dua
Shear stress Tsawg dua yuav ua rau kev nyuaj siab shear Feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab shear
Nqi kim dua Tsawg nqi

Nov yog qee qhov kev txiav txim siab ntxiv thaum xaiv tus sparger:

1. Hom cell:Qee lub hlwb muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntxhov siab ntau dua li lwm tus.Yog tias koj tab tom loj hlob cov hlwb uas nkag siab rau kev ntxhov siab, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov sparger uas tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab.
2. Khoom siv:Qee cov khoom muaj rhiab heev rau oxygen dua lwm tus.Yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov khoom lag luam uas nkag siab rau cov pa oxygen, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub sparger uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm oxygenating cov kua.
3. Ncua ntau lawm:Yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov nplai loj, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub sparger uas tuaj yeem tuav cov kua dej loj.

Thaum kawg, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv tus sparger yog kev sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij bioreactor.Lawv tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv qhov sparger uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

 

 

 

Xa koj cov lus rau peb:

Sau koj cov lus ntawm no thiab xa tuaj rau peb