Sparger hauv Fermenter yog dab tsi?
Hauv luv luv, ASparger hauv lub fermenteryog Ib Lub Cuab Yeej Siv Los Qhia Cua lossis Lwm Cov Pa Roj rau hauv Lub Taub Fermentation.
Feem ntau nws yog ib lub yeeb nkab uas muaj qhov nyob hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj lossis ze ntawm lub impeller thiab tso cai rau cov roj kom raug tso tawm rau hauv cov kua los ntawm cov qhov me me lossis cov dav hlau.
Lub hom phiajntawm lub sparger yog los muab cov pa oxygen rau cov txheej txheem aerobic fermentation lossis sib tov cov pa roj carbon dioxide (co2) rau cov txheej txheem anaerobic fermentation. lub sparger pab tswj kom muaj qib zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov kab lis kev cai, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me, xws li cov poov xab lossis cov kab mob.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem fermentation, lub sparger kuj tseem siv tau los tswj PH, qhov kub thiab kev sib tov ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub nkoj. nws feem ntau siv rau hauv kev lag luam bioprocessing, qhov twg cov kab mob me me loj hlob tib lub sijhawm, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev fermentation zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Hauv kev ua kom cov kab mob fermentation, cov spargers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, lub sparger yog ib lub cuab yeej siv los tso cov roj (feem ntau yog oxygen lossis carbon dioxide) rau hauv cov kua nruab nrab. Thaum lub sijhawm fermentation, cov spargers feem ntau siv los tswj qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj, ib qho khoom noj tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me. Hauv tsab blog no, peb yuav tham txog qhov tseeb ntawm lub spreader yog dab tsi, nws ua haujlwm li cas, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem fermentation.
Lub tshuaj txhaj yog dab tsi?
Lub sparger yog ib lub cuab yeej siv los tso cov roj (feem ntau yog oxygen lossis carbon dioxide) rau hauv cov kua nruab nrab. Cov khoom faib tawm feem ntau muaj cov roj nkag thiab cov khoom siv porous los faib cov roj mus rau hauv cov kua. Cov khoom siv porous tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv suav nrog cov hlau sintered, ceramics lossis polymers.
Cov spargers feem ntau siv los tswj qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov kua thaum lub sijhawm fermentation. Qhov no yog vim tias oxygen yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab nws qhov muaj nyob cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm fermentation. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov eductors kuj tseem siv tau los tswj pH ntawm cov kua fermentation los ntawm kev qhia cov pa roj carbon dioxide lossis lwm cov pa roj acidic.
Hom ntawm tus neeg faib khoom:
Muaj ntau hom khoom siv rau kev fermentation, txhua hom muaj nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov hom khoom siv feem ntau yog:
1. Cov Khoom Muag Uas Muaj Qhov Ncua:
Cov khoom faib tawm no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov ntxeem tau xws li cov hlau sintered, ceramics lossis polymers. Lawv feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam vim lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab yooj yim siv.
2. Cov tshuaj txhaj npuas:
Cov tshuaj txhaj no tso cov pa roj rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation ua cov npuas. Lawv tsis ua haujlwm zoo li cov porous spargers, tab sis feem ntau siv rau kev fermentation me me.
3. Cov khoom siv membrane:
Cov spargers no siv ib daim nyias nyias uas nkag tau roj los tso cov roj rau hauv qhov chaw fermentation. Lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis nyuaj rau ntxuav thiab tswj.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov spargers hauv fermenters:
Cov spargers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem fermentation los ntawm kev tswj cov pa oxygen uas yaj thiab pH hauv cov khoom siv fermentation. Qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen uas yaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me vim nws cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm fermentation. Los ntawm kev tswj cov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen uas yaj, cov spargers tuaj yeem pab ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem fermentation tau zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab zoo.
Ntxiv rau kev tswj qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen uas yaj, cov tshuaj nebulizers kuj tseem siv tau los tswj pH ntawm cov khoom fermentation. Qhov no tseem ceeb vim tias pH cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me. Los ntawm kev qhia cov pa roj acid xws li carbon dioxide, cov spargers tuaj yeem pab tswj kom muaj pH zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me.
Cov yam yuav tsum xav txog thaum xaiv lub tshuab nthuav dav:
Thaum xaiv lub sparger rau lub fermenter, ntau yam yuav tsum tau xav txog, suav nrog hom kab mob me me uas yuav tsum tau cog qoob loo, qhov loj ntawm lub fermenter, thiab cov xwm txheej fermentation xav tau. Piv txwv li, cov porous spargers feem ntau zoo dua rau cov fermentations loj vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm siab, thaum cov pa npuas spargers yuav zoo dua rau cov fermentations me me. Kev xaiv ntawm sparger kuj tseem tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation, xws li qhov xav tau cov pa oxygen concentration lossis qhov pH ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Txij Nkawm thiab Kev Ntxuav Lub Tshuab Nqus Khoom:
Kev saib xyuas thiab ntxuav lub sparger kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug. Yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov sparger tsis tu ncua kom tshem tawm cov kab mob me me lossis lwm yam kuab paug uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav yuav txawv nyob ntawm hom sparger, tab sis feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab lub sparger tso rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav, tom qab ntawd yaug kom huv si nrog dej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntxuav tas li, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub sparger tsis tu ncua seb puas puas tsuaj lossis hnav thiab hloov pauv yog tias tsim nyog.
Cov hom spargers siv rau hauv fermenters
1. Tus faib khoom uas muaj qhov nqus tau:
Cov porous spargers yog ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv suav nrog cov hlau sintered, ceramics thiab polymers. Cov spargers no muaj thaj chaw siab thiab muaj ntau lub qhov me me, uas ua rau cov pa roj faib sib npaug thoob plaws hauv cov khoom fermentation. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov porous spargers ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov fermentations loj, qhov twg cov nqi kis tau roj siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me. Cov porous spargers kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim los ntxuav thiab tswj, vim tias lawv feem ntau yog tsim los kom raug disassembled thiab ntxuav ntawm cov pawg.
2. Tus Neeg Tua Npuas:
Cov tshuaj txhaj ua npuas, tseem hu ua diffusers, tso cov pa roj rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov npuas. Cov spargers no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv porous lossis cov ntaub me me uas tsim cov npuas cua me me thaum cov pa roj hla dhau. Cov tshuaj txhaj ua npuas feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom me me uas cov nqi kis roj siab tsis tseem ceeb. Cov spargers npuas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim thiab pheej yig siv, tab sis lawv yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov spargers porous thiab tsim ntau qhov kev kub ntxhov hauv cov khoom siv fermentation.
3. Tus faib daim nyias nyias:
Cov membrane spargers siv cov roj permeable membranes los tso cov roj rau hauv cov khoom fermentation. Cov spargers no muaj thaj chaw siab thiab muaj ntau lub qhov me me, uas ua rau cov roj faib sib npaug thoob plaws hauv cov khoom fermentation. Cov membrane spargers ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem xa cov roj ntawm qhov ceev ceev, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau kev fermentation loj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov membrane spargers tuaj yeem nyuaj rau ntxuav thiab tswj vim tias cov membrane feem ntau tsis yooj yim puas thiab yooj yim puas.
4. Cov Pa Pa Nto:
Cov tshuab ua pa saum npoo av, tseem hu ua cov tshuab ua kom cov pa tawm, tsim cov dej ntws tsis ruaj khov rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv fermentation, ua rau cov pa roj nqus tau rau hauv cov kua. Cov khoom faib tawm no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation me me uas cov nqi kis roj siab tsis tseem ceeb. Cov tshuab ua pa saum npoo av muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim thiab pheej yig siv, tab sis lawv yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo dua li lwm hom spargers thiab tsim cov dej ntws tsis ruaj khov ntau dua hauv cov khoom siv fermentation.
5. Koob txhaj tshuaj:
Cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv cov roj siab siab los tsim kom muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv cov khoom siv fermentation, ua rau cov roj raug nqus mus rau hauv cov kua. Cov spreaders no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation me me thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim siv thiab pheej yig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov injectors yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo dua li lwm hom spargers thiab tsim kom muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dua hauv cov khoom siv fermentation.
Xaiv lub tshuab nthuav dav kom raug:
Thaum xaiv lub sparger rau lub fermenter, ntau yam yuav tsum tau xav txog, xws li hom kab mob me me uas raug cog qoob loo, qhov loj ntawm lub fermenter, thiab cov xwm txheej fermentation xav tau. Kev xaiv ntawm sparger kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation, xws li qhov xav tau cov pa oxygen uas yaj lossis qhov pH zoo tshaj plaws. Kev saib xyuas thiab ntxuav sparger kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog ntau hom spreaders muaj thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo, cov kws tshaj lij fermentation tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sparger hauv lub fermenter
1. Kev siv pa oxygen:
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sparger hauv lub fermenter yog muab cov pa oxygen rau cov kab mob me me uas tau cog qoob loo. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov kab mob aerobic uas xav tau oxygen rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Lub sparger xa cov pa oxygen mus rau qhov chaw fermentation hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa npuas lossis cov cua ntws, ua rau cov kab mob me me nqus tau cov pa oxygen thiab siv nws rau kev tsim hluav taws xob.
2. Sib xyaw:
Ntxiv rau qhov muab cov pa oxygen, lub sparger kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tov cov khoom noj fermentation. Thaum cov pa roj nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom noj, nws tsim cov cua daj cua dub, uas pab faib cov as-ham thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw tseem ceeb sib npaug thoob plaws hauv cov kua. Kev sib tov kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov kab mob loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws vim nws tso cai rau cov kab mob kom tau txais cov as-ham uas lawv xav tau thiab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg.
3. Kev Tswj Xyuas PH:
Cov spargers kuj tseem siv tau los tswj qhov pH ntawm cov khoom fermentation los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pa roj carbon dioxide lossis lwm cov pa roj acidic rau hauv cov kua. Qhov no pab kom cov pH nyob rau hauv qhov ntau yam xav tau thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob phem uas vam meej hauv cov chaw acidic.
4. Kev Tswj Kub:
Qee zaum, cov spargers kuj tseem siv tau los tswj qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv fermentation. Los ntawm kev qhia cov cua txias, cov sparger tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kub dhau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cua sov tuaj yeem siv los ua kom qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me.
5. Kev Tswj Ua Npuas Ncauj:
Thaum kawg, cov tshuaj tsuag kuj tseem siv tau los tswj kev tsim ua npuas ncauj thaum lub sijhawm fermentation. Ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem ua teeb meem hauv kev fermentation loj vim nws cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem sib tov thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus faib khoom. Los ntawm kev qhia cov cua nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom fermentation, spargers tuaj yeem pab rhuav cov npuas ncauj thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ua npuas ncauj.
Xaus lus:
Hauv kev xaus, cov spargers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem fermentation los ntawm kev muab oxygen, sib tov cov khoom siv fermentation, tswj pH thiab kub, thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ua npuas ncauj. Kev xaiv hom sparger kom raug thiab kev tswj hwm thiab ntxuav nws kom huv si yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus faib khoom hauv lub fermenter, cov kws tshaj lij fermentation tuaj yeem txiav txim siab paub txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm tus neeg faib khoom hauv fermenter
1. Kev tsim cov npias thiab cawv txiv hmab:
Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov feem ntau rau cov spreaders hauv fermenters yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov npias thiab cawv. Hauv cov lag luam no, spargers feem ntau yog siv los muab cov pa oxygen rau cov poov xab thaum lub sijhawm fermentation, uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov poov xab noj qab haus huv thiab kev fermentation zoo. Spargers kuj tseem siv tau los pab tswj qhov kub thiab pH ntawm cov khoom fermentation, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov saj thiab qib cawv xav tau hauv cov khoom kawg.
2. Kev kho mob bioremediation:
Cov spargers kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev kho mob bioremediation, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov kab mob me me los rhuav tshem cov pa phem thiab lwm yam pa phem hauv ib puag ncig. Hauv daim ntawv thov no, cov spargers siv los qhia cov pa oxygen rau hauv qhov chaw muaj kuab paug, uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem cov pa phem. Cov txheej txheem no zoo tshwj xeeb rau kev ntxuav av thiab dej hauv av uas muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av, cov kuab tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev lag luam.
3. Kev tsim tshuaj:
Cov neeg faib khoom kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, cov spargers siv los qhia cov pa oxygen rau hauv cov kab mob microbial uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov khoom xav tau. Spargers kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab sib tov cov khoom nruab nrab fermentation thiab tswj qhov kub thiab pH ntawm cov kab lis kev cai, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov kab mob microbial.
4. Kev ua kom muaj kev fermentation hauv kev lag luam:
Cov spargers kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev lag luam loj loj los tsim cov enzymes, amino acids, thiab lwm yam khoom siv biological. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, cov spargers yog siv los muab oxygen rau cov kab lis kev cai microbial thiab pab tswj qhov kub thiab pH uas cov kab lis kev cai xav tau. Kev sparging kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov kab lis kev cai microbial.
5. Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho:
Thaum kawg, cov spreaders feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho kom kawm txog kev loj hlob thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kab mob me me hauv ib puag ncig hauv chav kuaj mob uas tswj tau. Cov spargers tuaj yeem siv los qhia ntau yam roj rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation, uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm ntau yam ib puag ncig ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me.
xaus lus
Hauv kev xaus, cov spargers yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem fermentation, muab oxygen, sib tov fermentation media, thiab tswj qhov kub thiab pH ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Kev siv cov spreaders yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov kab lis kev cai microbial. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog ntau yam kev siv thiab kev siv ntawm spreaders hauv fermentation, cov kws tshaj lij fermentation tuaj yeem txiav txim siab paub txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Qhov twg yog Nrov Fermenter Sprayer?
lub nozzle sprayer hauv fermenter thiabCov khoom faib tawm hauv cov fermenters
Cov nozzles thiab orifice distributors yog ob hom distributors nrov siv hauv fermenters. Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog txhua yam:
1. Cov neeg faib khoom nozzle hauv cov fermenters:
Lub nozzle sparger yog lub sparger uas siv ntau lub nozzles los qhia cov pa npuas rau hauv cov khoom siv fermentation. Cov nozzles feem ntau raug teeb tsa hauv cov qauv grid ntawm qab ntawm lub fermenter uas cov roj tau qhia ntawm tus nqi tswj. Nozzle spargers nrov hauv kev lag luam fermentations vim tias lawv muab kev sib xyaw zoo thiab oxygenation ntawm cov khoom siv fermentation. Lawv kuj yooj yim rau kev ntxuav thiab tswj.
2. Cov neeg faib khoom hauv cov fermenters:
Ib lub qhov orifice sparger yog ib lub sparger uas siv ntau lub qhov me me lossis orifices los qhia cov pa npuas rau hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub fermentation. Cov orifices feem ntau yog teeb tsa hauv ib daim phiaj qauv hauv qab ntawm lub fermenter uas cov roj tau qhia ntawm tus nqi tswj. Orifice spargers nrov hauv R & D ib puag ncig vim tias lawv tso cai rau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov nqi qhia roj thiab tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm cov roj sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob.
Ob lub nozzles thiab orifice spargers zoo rau kev muab cov pa oxygen rau cov kab mob microbial thiab sib tov cov khoom fermentation. Kev xaiv ntawm sparger nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation, suav nrog qhov loj ntawm lub fermenter, hom kab mob me me uas raug cog qoob loo, thiab qhov tshwm sim xav tau ntawm kev fermentation. Thaum kawg, lub hom phiaj yog xaiv lub sparger uas muab kev hloov pauv roj zoo thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob noj qab haus huv thaum txo qis kev tsim ua npuas ncauj thiab lwm yam kev phiv tsis zoo.
xaus lus:
Hauv kev xaus lus, lub sparger yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj thiab pH hauv cov khoom siv fermentation. Kev xaiv hom spreader kom raug thiab kev tswj hwm thiab ntxuav nws kom raug tuaj yeem pab ua kom muaj cov txheej txheem fermentation zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab zoo. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog lub spreader yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas, cov kws tshaj lij fermentation tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Koj puas xav siv cov spreaders los ua kom koj cov txheej txheem fermentation zoo dua?
Yog tias yog li ntawd, tsis txhob yig los tshawb nrhiav ntau yam kev xaiv spreader muaj kom pom tias lawv tuaj yeem pab tau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb li cas.
Tiv tauj ib tus kws tshaj lij fermentation thiab xaiv lossis OEM txoj cai sintered sparger hnub no kom paub ntau ntxiv thiab pib txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem fermentation!
Cov peev txheej ntxiv:
Rau cov nyeem ntawv uas xav paub ntxiv txog cov spreaders hauv fermenters, muaj ntau cov peev txheej. Qee cov peev txheej pom zoo suav nrog:
"Kev Siv Tshuaj Lom thiab Biotechnology los ntawm EMT El-Mansi, CFL Amaral thiab WWM Souza (2019)
"Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Bioprocess Engineering" los ntawm Pauline M. Doran (2012)
"Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Lag Luam Hauv Cell: Mammalian, Microbial, thiab Plant Cell" Tus Kws Kho Mob Victor G. Aunins (2010)
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-05-2023
